请先对比以下几组句子：

例句1: I go to school everyday.

例句2: I ride to school everyday.

在课堂上，老师经常以这两个句子为例，讲解“具体化”的重要性。很多同学都能感觉到例句2要比例句1好。

究其原因，是例句2中的ride比例句1中的go更加具体：go只表达了“去”的意思，而ride不但表达出“去”的意思，还能表达出具体的交通方式。也就是说，例句2表达的信息量比例句1更加丰富。

再如：

例句3: Mr Wang is a good teacher.

例句4: Mr Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher.

例句3只表达出Mr Wang是一个“好”老师，而到底“好”在哪些方面，却没有具体说清楚;例句4则清楚地告诉读者，Mr Wang好在三个方面：和蔼(kind)、耐心(patient)以及知识丰富(knowledgeable)。

因此，我们必须学会换用更为具体的单词表达我们的思想，如：

v. 学习

简单词：learn

高分亮点词：research研究;pick up偶然学到，顺便学到，轻松学到;master掌握

n. 好老师

简单词：a good teacher

高分亮点词：a kind, patient and knowledgeable English teacher一个善良、耐心、博学的老师。

当然，除了替换某些表意抽象的单词，我们还可以通过增加细节成分，使表达更为具体，如，例句2可以加上同伴、心情等信息，进一步改写成：

例句5: I，together with Tom and Jerry, rode to the Zhongshan park yesterday，feeling rather excited.

同样的，例句4也可以加上一个定语从句，写出Mr Wang到底擅长哪些事情，如：

例句6: Mr Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher who knows how to enlighten us students.

可以看到，例句5和例句6两个句子采用“具体化”的手段，将原本毫无生气的句子顿时变得生动形象了。

综上所述，想让你的表达“具体化”，一共有两种常用方法，其一，是换掉某些表意不明确的单词，换上表意更加明确具体的单词;其二，是在句中适当增加细节成分。

“具体化”的好处，是让句子的含义更加丰富，让读者更容易由句子展开丰富的联想，随着作者一起经历、一起思考、一起感动。在平时的学习、训练中，与其生硬地使用超纲词汇，不如好好熟悉大纲单词，用好“具体化”的两种方法，为你的作文增光添彩。

事实上，“具体化”在汉语写作中也有同样的体现。比如，要表达“惜别”的感情，光说“再见”是不够的，应该像诗人那样，用具体化的细节带动感情，写出梦幻般的文字：“让我与你握别/再轻轻抽出我的手/ 知道思念从此生根/ 浮云白日/ 山川庄严温柔...”

这就是“具体化”的作用，你体会到了吗?

首先

常见简单词：first ，firstly

高分亮点词：first of all, to start with, to begin with, in the first place  

例：To start with, doing a part-time job is my dream and I intend to work as a salesman because not only can I earn money by myself, but also it will broaden my horizons.

首先，做兼职是我们的梦想，同时，我打算做一个销售人员是因为不仅可以养活自己，还能扩展眼界。

其次

常见简单词：second，secondly

高分亮点词：in addition, then, next, in the second place

例：In addition, it is a choice to visit some famous scenic spots such as Mount Tai during the vacation.

其次，它是一次机会可以在假期中参观一些名胜古迹，如泰山。

常见简单词：third，thirdly

高分亮点词：what is more, in the third place

例：What is more, doing voluntary work, I think, will make a great contribution to the society, which is able to enrich my life.

再次，我认为做志愿者工作，可以丰富自己的人生，也是对社会的贡献。

最后

常见简单词：finally，at last

高分亮点词：in conclusion, in the end, last but not least

例：In conclusion，let's work together to save energy and protect our natural environment, including animals, trees, flowers and grass.

最后，让我们齐心协力去节约能源，保护我们的自然环境，保护动物、树木、花草。

解释

常见简单词：explain

高分亮点词：account for

例：There exist two reasons, which may account for the difference.

这里有两点原因可以解释这个差异。

打算

常见简单词：plan

高分亮点词：intend，mean

例：I intend to join in a Dragon Boat Training Camp.

我打算参加一个龙舟训练营。

变成

常见简单词：become

高分亮点词：turn into，change into

例：Then they started shouting and yelling, and it turned into a horrible quarrel.

然后他们开始喊叫，最终变成了一场可怕的争吵。

告诉

常见简单词：tell

高分亮点词：share with

例：I'm writing to share with you some details.

我现在给你写信来告诉你一些细节。

对……感到惊讶

常见简单词：be surprised at

高分亮点词：be amazed at

例：I'm amazed at the progress you've made.

我对你取得的进步感到惊讶。

集合

常见简单词：meet

高分亮点词：gather

例：We'll gather at the Students' Club at 8 p.m. this Friday.

这周五的下午八点，我们将在学校俱乐部集合。

各种各样的

常见简单词：different kinds of

高分亮点词：a wide variety / range of

例：We have a wider range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.

我们有更多的选择，像旅行，拜访亲朋好友。

帮忙

常见简单词：help

高分亮点词：do sb. a favor, give sb. a hand, help sb. out

例：I'd like you to do me a favor.

我想要你帮个忙。

确信

常见简单词：I'm sure / certain that

高分亮点词：I am convinced that

例：I am pretty convinced that a wise choice makes perfect.

我确信一个明智的选择会促成完美的结果。

考虑

常见简单词：consider

高分亮点词：think over， give sth. careful / full / serious consideration，take account of， take... into account / consideration

例：We would have to give careful consideration to environmental issues.

我们必须要认真考虑环境问题。

以……自豪

常见简单词：be proud of

高分亮点词：take pride in

例：He took pride in having contributed to the world.

他以对世界的贡献自豪。

对……感兴趣

常见简单词：be interested in

高分亮点词：have an interest in

例：The girl has a great interest in sport and has been taking badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.

这个女孩对体育感兴趣，并且在过去的三年里，每周都会参加两次羽毛球课。

认为/相信

常见简单词：think, believe

高分亮点词：consider, assume that, maintain, argue that

例：Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams.

一些人认为，只要人类和机器以团队的方式工作，它们就可以共存。

解决

常见简单词：solve

高分亮点词：resolve, deal with, cope with, settle, work out

例：We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.

我们可以有很多种方式来处理这种情况。

努力

常见简单词：work hard

高分亮点词：spare no effort

例：Let's start fight now and spare no effort to do a little bit every day, every hour, and every minute!

让我们开始奋斗，每天，每小时，每一分钟都努力一点。

获得

常见简单词：get

高分亮点词：gain, acquire, obtain, achieve, attain

例1：To gain a bright future, you might have to work hard.

为了获得一个光明的未来，你应该要努力学习。

例2：No pians no gains.

一分耕耘，一分收获。

请用高级词汇替换下列句子中的加粗部分：

1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) So, please spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty, which will help you prepare for your class.  

替换词：Therefore; make preparations for

2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The craftsmen will show visitors how to cut paper into different shapes on the spot.

替换词：various/a range of

3.(2016·北京高考书面表达) Our class thought of the idea to make better use of used materials.

替换词：came up with

4.(2016·四川高考书面表达)The reasons are the following.

替换词：As follows

5.(2015·湖南高考书面表达)At the same time, I decided to study harder rather than waste precious time on those useless things ... 

替换词：made up my mind

6.As high school students, we should be neatly dressed when at school.

替换词：are supposed to

7.There's no harm in your staying up late sometimes.

替换词：occasionally/once in a while

8.The teacher directed the gifted students towards the more difficult courses.

替换词：challenging

9.So far as I know, every one of them wants to be a model student.

替换词：intends to

假定你是中学生李华，家住泉州。你的英国笔友Jason来信谈到了他的家乡伦敦，并希望了解你的家乡泉州的情况。请你用英文写一封回信。

回信必须包括以下内容：

1.自然情况：地理位置优越、气候风景宜人等；

2.发展成就：经济发展迅速、城市高楼林立等；

3.存在问题：交通拥堵现象、空气污染问题等；

4.对泉州发展的看法：内容由考生自己拟定。

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：

高层建筑 high­rise building

【考生作文】

Dear Jason，

Yours, 

Li Hua

【替换后作文】

Dear Jason，

Yours, 

Li Hua